This adds an accelerated SHA512 algorithm using either the Zvknhb
vector crypto extension.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Stuebner <heiko.stuebner@...>
arch/riscv/crypto/Kconfig | 11 +
arch/riscv/crypto/Makefile | 8 +-
arch/riscv/crypto/sha512-riscv64-glue.c | 104 ++++++
arch/riscv/crypto/sha512-riscv64-zvknhb.pl | 347 +++++++++++++++++++++
4 files changed, 469 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
create mode 100644 arch/riscv/crypto/sha512-riscv64-glue.c
create mode 100644 arch/riscv/crypto/sha512-riscv64-zvknhb.pl
@@ -26,4 +26,15 @@ config CRYPTO_SHA256_RISCV64
Architecture: riscv64 using
- Zvknha or Zvknhb vector crypto extensions
+config CRYPTO_SHA512_RISCV64
+ tristate "Hash functions: SHA-512"
+ depends on 64BIT && RISCV_ISA_V
+ select CRYPTO_HASH
+ select CRYPTO_SHA512
+ help
+ SHA-512 secure hash algorithm (FIPS 180)
+
+ Architecture: riscv64
+ - Zvknhb vector crypto extension
+
endmenu
@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@ endif
obj-$(CONFIG_CRYPTO_SHA256_RISCV64) += sha256-riscv64.o
sha256-riscv64-y := sha256-riscv64-glue.o sha256-riscv64-zvknhb.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_CRYPTO_SHA512_RISCV64) += sha512-riscv64.o
+sha512-riscv64-y := sha512-riscv64-glue.o sha512-riscv64-zvknhb.o
+
quiet_cmd_perlasm = PERLASM $@
cmd_perlasm = $(PERL) $(<) void $(@)
@@ -30,5 +33,8 @@ $(obj)/ghash-riscv64-zvkg.S: $(src)/ghash-riscv64-zvkg.pl
$(obj)/sha256-riscv64-zvknhb.S: $(src)/sha256-riscv64-zvknha.pl
$(call cmd,perlasm)
+$(obj)/sha512-riscv64-zvknhb.S: $(src)/sha512-riscv64-zvknhb.pl
+ $(call cmd,perlasm)
+
clean-files += ghash-riscv64-zbc.S ghash-riscv64-zvkb.S ghash-riscv64-zvkg.S
-clean-files += sha256-riscv64-zvknha.S
+clean-files += sha256-riscv64-zvknha.S sha512-riscv64-zvknhb.S
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+/*
+ * Linux/riscv64 port of the OpenSSL SHA512 implementation for RISCV64
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 VRULL GmbH
+ * Author: Heiko Stuebner <heiko.stuebner@vrull.eu>
+ */
+
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <asm/simd.h>
+#include <asm/vector.h>
+#include <crypto/internal/hash.h>
+#include <crypto/internal/simd.h>
+#include <crypto/sha2.h>
+#include <crypto/sha512_base.h>
+
+asmlinkage void sha512_block_data_order_zvknhb(u64 *digest, const void *data,
+ unsigned int num_blks);
+
+static void __sha512_block_data_order(struct sha512_state *sst, u8 const *src,
+ int blocks)
+{
+ sha512_block_data_order_zvknhb(sst->state, src, blocks);
+}
+
+static int sha512_update(struct shash_desc *desc, const u8 *data,
+ unsigned int len)
+{
+ if (crypto_simd_usable()) {
+ int ret;
+
+ kernel_rvv_begin();
+ ret = sha512_base_do_update(desc, data, len,
+ __sha512_block_data_order);
+ kernel_rvv_end();
+ return ret;
+ } else {
+ return crypto_sha512_update(desc, data, len);
+ }
+}
+
+static int sha512_finup(struct shash_desc *desc, const u8 *data,
+ unsigned int len, u8 *out)
+{
+ if (!crypto_simd_usable())
+ return crypto_sha512_finup(desc, data, len, out);
+
+ kernel_rvv_begin();
+ if (len)
+ sha512_base_do_update(desc, data, len,
+ __sha512_block_data_order);
+
+ sha512_base_do_finalize(desc, __sha512_block_data_order);
+ kernel_rvv_end();
+
+ return sha512_base_finish(desc, out);
+}
+
+static int sha512_final(struct shash_desc *desc, u8 *out)
+{
+ return sha512_finup(desc, NULL, 0, out);
+}
+
+static struct shash_alg sha512_alg = {
+ .digestsize = SHA512_DIGEST_SIZE,
+ .init = sha512_base_init,
+ .update = sha512_update,
+ .final = sha512_final,
+ .finup = sha512_finup,
+ .descsize = sizeof(struct sha512_state),
+ .base.cra_name = "sha512",
+ .base.cra_driver_name = "sha512-riscv64-zvknhb",
+ .base.cra_priority = 150,
+ .base.cra_blocksize = SHA512_BLOCK_SIZE,
+ .base.cra_module = THIS_MODULE,
+};
+
+static int __init sha512_mod_init(void)
+{
+ /* sha512 needs at least a vlen of 256 to work correctly */
+ if (riscv_isa_extension_available(NULL, ZVKNHB) &&
+ riscv_isa_extension_available(NULL, ZVKB) &&
+ riscv_vector_vlen() >= 256)
+ return crypto_register_shash(&sha512_alg);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static void __exit sha512_mod_fini(void)
+{
+ if (riscv_isa_extension_available(NULL, ZVKNHB) &&
+ riscv_isa_extension_available(NULL, ZVKB) &&
+ riscv_vector_vlen() >= 256)
+ crypto_unregister_shash(&sha512_alg);
+}
+
+module_init(sha512_mod_init);
+module_exit(sha512_mod_fini);
+
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION("SHA-512 secure hash for riscv64");
+MODULE_AUTHOR("Andy Polyakov <appro@openssl.org>");
+MODULE_AUTHOR("Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>");
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2");
+MODULE_ALIAS_CRYPTO("sha512");
@@ -0,0 +1,347 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env perl
+# Copyright 2023 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the "License"). You may not use
+# this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy
+# in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
+# https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html
+
+# The generated code of this file depends on the following RISC-V extensions:
+# - RV64I
+# - RISC-V vector ('V') with VLEN >= 256
+# - Vector Bit-manipulation used in Cryptography ('Zvkb')
+# - Vector SHA-2 Secure Hash ('Zvknhb')
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use FindBin qw($Bin);
+use lib "$Bin";
+use lib "$Bin/../../perlasm";
+use riscv;
+
+# $output is the last argument if it looks like a file (it has an extension)
+# $flavour is the first argument if it doesn't look like a file
+my $output = $#ARGV >= 0 && $ARGV[$#ARGV] =~ m|\.\w+$| ? pop : undef;
+my $flavour = $#ARGV >= 0 && $ARGV[0] !~ m|\.| ? shift : undef;
+
+$output and open STDOUT,">$output";
+
+my $code=<<___;
+.text
+___
+
+my ($V0, $V10, $V11, $V12, $V13, $V14, $V15, $V16, $V17) = ("v0", "v10", "v11", "v12", "v13", "v14","v15", "v16", "v17");
+my ($V26, $V27) = ("v26", "v27");
+
+my $K512 = "K512";
+
+# Function arguments
+my ($H, $INP, $LEN, $KT, $STRIDE) = ("a0", "a1", "a2", "a3", "t3");
+
+################################################################################
+# void sha512_block_data_order(void *c, const void *p, size_t len)
+$code .= <<___;
+.p2align 2
+.globl sha512_block_data_order_zvknhb
+.type sha512_block_data_order_zvknhb,\@function
+sha512_block_data_order_zvknhb:
+ @{[vsetivli__x0_4_e64_m1_ta_ma]}
+
+ # H is stored as {a,b,c,d},{e,f,g,h}, but we need {f,e,b,a},{h,g,d,c}
+ # We achieve this by reading with a negative stride followed by
+ # element sliding.
+ li $STRIDE, -8
+ addi $H, $H, 24
+ @{[vlse64_v $V16, $H, $STRIDE]} # {d,c,b,a}
+ addi $H, $H, 32
+ @{[vlse64_v $V17, $H, $STRIDE]} # {h,g,f,e}
+ # Keep H advanced by 24
+ addi $H, $H, -32
+
+ @{[vmv_v_v $V27, $V16]} # {d,c,b,a}
+ @{[vslidedown_vi $V26, $V16, 2]} # {b,a,0,0}
+ @{[vslidedown_vi $V16, $V17, 2]} # {f,e,0,0}
+ @{[vslideup_vi $V16, $V26, 2]} # {f,e,b,a}
+ @{[vslideup_vi $V17, $V27, 2]} # {h,g,d,c}
+
+ # Keep the old state as we need it later: H' = H+{a',b',c',...,h'}.
+ @{[vmv_v_v $V26, $V16]}
+ @{[vmv_v_v $V27, $V17]}
+
+L_round_loop:
+ la $KT, $K512 # Load round constants K512
+
+ # Load the 1024-bits of the message block in v10-v13 and perform
+ # an endian swap on each 4 bytes element.
+ @{[vle64_v $V10, $INP]}
+ @{[vrev8_v $V10, $V10]}
+ add $INP, $INP, 32
+ @{[vle64_v $V11, $INP]}
+ @{[vrev8_v $V11, $V11]}
+ add $INP, $INP, 32
+ @{[vle64_v $V12, $INP]}
+ @{[vrev8_v $V12, $V12]}
+ add $INP, $INP, 32
+ @{[vle64_v $V13, $INP]}
+ @{[vrev8_v $V13, $V13]}
+ add $INP, $INP, 32
+
+ # Decrement length by 1
+ add $LEN, $LEN, -1
+
+ # Set v0 up for the vmerge that replaces the first word (idx==0)
+ @{[vid_v $V0]}
+ @{[vmseq_vi $V0, $V0, 0x0]} # v0.mask[i] = (i == 0 ? 1 : 0)
+
+ # Quad-round 0 (+0, v10->v11->v12->v13)
+ @{[vle64_v $V15, ($KT)]}
+ addi $KT, $KT, 32
+ @{[vadd_vv $V14, $V15, $V10]}
+ @{[vsha2cl_vv $V17, $V16, $V14]}
+ @{[vsha2ch_vv $V16, $V17, $V14]}
+ @{[vmerge_vvm $V14, $V12, $V11, $V0]}
+ @{[vsha2ms_vv $V10, $V14, $V13]}
+
+ # Quad-round 1 (+1, v11->v12->v13->v10)
+ @{[vle64_v $V15, ($KT)]}
+ addi $KT, $KT, 32
+ @{[vadd_vv $V14, $V15, $V11]}
+ @{[vsha2cl_vv $V17, $V16, $V14]}
+ @{[vsha2ch_vv $V16, $V17, $V14]}
+ @{[vmerge_vvm $V14, $V13, $V12, $V0]}
+ @{[vsha2ms_vv $V11, $V14, $V10]}
+
+ # Quad-round 2 (+2, v12->v13->v10->v11)
+ @{[vle64_v $V15, ($KT)]}
+ addi $KT, $KT, 32
+ @{[vadd_vv $V14, $V15, $V12]}
+ @{[vsha2cl_vv $V17, $V16, $V14]}
+ @{[vsha2ch_vv $V16, $V17, $V14]}
+ @{[vmerge_vvm $V14, $V10, $V13, $V0]}
+ @{[vsha2ms_vv $V12, $V14, $V11]}
+
+ # Quad-round 3 (+3, v13->v10->v11->v12)
+ @{[vle64_v $V15, ($KT)]}
+ addi $KT, $KT, 32
+ @{[vadd_vv $V14, $V15, $V13]}
+ @{[vsha2cl_vv $V17, $V16, $V14]}
+ @{[vsha2ch_vv $V16, $V17, $V14]}
+ @{[vmerge_vvm $V14, $V11, $V10, $V0]}
+ @{[vsha2ms_vv $V13, $V14, $V12]}
+
+ # Quad-round 4 (+0, v10->v11->v12->v13)
+ @{[vle64_v $V15, ($KT)]}
+ addi $KT, $KT, 32
+ @{[vadd_vv $V14, $V15, $V10]}
+ @{[vsha2cl_vv $V17, $V16, $V14]}
+ @{[vsha2ch_vv $V16, $V17, $V14]}
+ @{[vmerge_vvm $V14, $V12, $V11, $V0]}
+ @{[vsha2ms_vv $V10, $V14, $V13]}
+
+ # Quad-round 5 (+1, v11->v12->v13->v10)
+ @{[vle64_v $V15, ($KT)]}
+ addi $KT, $KT, 32
+ @{[vadd_vv $V14, $V15, $V11]}
+ @{[vsha2cl_vv $V17, $V16, $V14]}
+ @{[vsha2ch_vv $V16, $V17, $V14]}
+ @{[vmerge_vvm $V14, $V13, $V12, $V0]}
+ @{[vsha2ms_vv $V11, $V14, $V10]}
+
+ # Quad-round 6 (+2, v12->v13->v10->v11)
+ @{[vle64_v $V15, ($KT)]}
+ addi $KT, $KT, 32
+ @{[vadd_vv $V14, $V15, $V12]}
+ @{[vsha2cl_vv $V17, $V16, $V14]}
+ @{[vsha2ch_vv $V16, $V17, $V14]}
+ @{[vmerge_vvm $V14, $V10, $V13, $V0]}
+ @{[vsha2ms_vv $V12, $V14, $V11]}
+
+ # Quad-round 7 (+3, v13->v10->v11->v12)
+ @{[vle64_v $V15, ($KT)]}
+ addi $KT, $KT, 32
+ @{[vadd_vv $V14, $V15, $V13]}
+ @{[vsha2cl_vv $V17, $V16, $V14]}
+ @{[vsha2ch_vv $V16, $V17, $V14]}
+ @{[vmerge_vvm $V14, $V11, $V10, $V0]}
+ @{[vsha2ms_vv $V13, $V14, $V12]}
+
+ # Quad-round 8 (+0, v10->v11->v12->v13)
+ @{[vle64_v $V15, ($KT)]}
+ addi $KT, $KT, 32
+ @{[vadd_vv $V14, $V15, $V10]}
+ @{[vsha2cl_vv $V17, $V16, $V14]}
+ @{[vsha2ch_vv $V16, $V17, $V14]}
+ @{[vmerge_vvm $V14, $V12, $V11, $V0]}
+ @{[vsha2ms_vv $V10, $V14, $V13]}
+
+ # Quad-round 9 (+1, v11->v12->v13->v10)
+ @{[vle64_v $V15, ($KT)]}
+ addi $KT, $KT, 32
+ @{[vadd_vv $V14, $V15, $V11]}
+ @{[vsha2cl_vv $V17, $V16, $V14]}
+ @{[vsha2ch_vv $V16, $V17, $V14]}
+ @{[vmerge_vvm $V14, $V13, $V12, $V0]}
+ @{[vsha2ms_vv $V11, $V14, $V10]}
+
+ # Quad-round 10 (+2, v12->v13->v10->v11)
+ @{[vle64_v $V15, ($KT)]}
+ addi $KT, $KT, 32
+ @{[vadd_vv $V14, $V15, $V12]}
+ @{[vsha2cl_vv $V17, $V16, $V14]}
+ @{[vsha2ch_vv $V16, $V17, $V14]}
+ @{[vmerge_vvm $V14, $V10, $V13, $V0]}
+ @{[vsha2ms_vv $V12, $V14, $V11]}
+
+ # Quad-round 11 (+3, v13->v10->v11->v12)
+ @{[vle64_v $V15, ($KT)]}
+ addi $KT, $KT, 32
+ @{[vadd_vv $V14, $V15, $V13]}
+ @{[vsha2cl_vv $V17, $V16, $V14]}
+ @{[vsha2ch_vv $V16, $V17, $V14]}
+ @{[vmerge_vvm $V14, $V11, $V10, $V0]}
+ @{[vsha2ms_vv $V13, $V14, $V12]}
+
+ # Quad-round 12 (+0, v10->v11->v12->v13)
+ @{[vle64_v $V15, ($KT)]}
+ addi $KT, $KT, 32
+ @{[vadd_vv $V14, $V15, $V10]}
+ @{[vsha2cl_vv $V17, $V16, $V14]}
+ @{[vsha2ch_vv $V16, $V17, $V14]}
+ @{[vmerge_vvm $V14, $V12, $V11, $V0]}
+ @{[vsha2ms_vv $V10, $V14, $V13]}
+
+ # Quad-round 13 (+1, v11->v12->v13->v10)
+ @{[vle64_v $V15, ($KT)]}
+ addi $KT, $KT, 32
+ @{[vadd_vv $V14, $V15, $V11]}
+ @{[vsha2cl_vv $V17, $V16, $V14]}
+ @{[vsha2ch_vv $V16, $V17, $V14]}
+ @{[vmerge_vvm $V14, $V13, $V12, $V0]}
+ @{[vsha2ms_vv $V11, $V14, $V10]}
+
+ # Quad-round 14 (+2, v12->v13->v10->v11)
+ @{[vle64_v $V15, ($KT)]}
+ addi $KT, $KT, 32
+ @{[vadd_vv $V14, $V15, $V12]}
+ @{[vsha2cl_vv $V17, $V16, $V14]}
+ @{[vsha2ch_vv $V16, $V17, $V14]}
+ @{[vmerge_vvm $V14, $V10, $V13, $V0]}
+ @{[vsha2ms_vv $V12, $V14, $V11]}
+
+ # Quad-round 15 (+3, v13->v10->v11->v12)
+ @{[vle64_v $V15, ($KT)]}
+ addi $KT, $KT, 32
+ @{[vadd_vv $V14, $V15, $V13]}
+ @{[vsha2cl_vv $V17, $V16, $V14]}
+ @{[vsha2ch_vv $V16, $V17, $V14]}
+ @{[vmerge_vvm $V14, $V11, $V10, $V0]}
+ @{[vsha2ms_vv $V13, $V14, $V12]}
+
+ # Quad-round 16 (+0, v10->v11->v12->v13)
+ # Note that we stop generating new message schedule words (Wt, v10-13)
+ # as we already generated all the words we end up consuming (i.e., W[79:76]).
+ @{[vle64_v $V15, ($KT)]}
+ addi $KT, $KT, 32
+ @{[vadd_vv $V14, $V15, $V10]}
+ @{[vsha2cl_vv $V17, $V16, $V14]}
+ @{[vsha2ch_vv $V16, $V17, $V14]}
+ @{[vmerge_vvm $V14, $V12, $V11, $V0]}
+
+ # Quad-round 17 (+1, v11->v12->v13->v10)
+ @{[vle64_v $V15, ($KT)]}
+ addi $KT, $KT, 32
+ @{[vadd_vv $V14, $V15, $V11]}
+ @{[vsha2cl_vv $V17, $V16, $V14]}
+ @{[vsha2ch_vv $V16, $V17, $V14]}
+ @{[vmerge_vvm $V14, $V13, $V12, $V0]}
+
+ # Quad-round 18 (+2, v12->v13->v10->v11)
+ @{[vle64_v $V15, ($KT)]}
+ addi $KT, $KT, 32
+ @{[vadd_vv $V14, $V15, $V12]}
+ @{[vsha2cl_vv $V17, $V16, $V14]}
+ @{[vsha2ch_vv $V16, $V17, $V14]}
+ @{[vmerge_vvm $V14, $V10, $V13, $V0]}
+
+ # Quad-round 19 (+3, v13->v10->v11->v12)
+ @{[vle64_v $V15, ($KT)]}
+ # No t1 increment needed.
+ @{[vadd_vv $V14, $V15, $V13]}
+ @{[vsha2cl_vv $V17, $V16, $V14]}
+ @{[vsha2ch_vv $V16, $V17, $V14]}
+
+ # H' = H+{a',b',c',...,h'}
+ @{[vadd_vv $V16, $V26, $V16]}
+ @{[vadd_vv $V17, $V27, $V17]}
+ @{[vmv_v_v $V26, $V16]}
+ @{[vmv_v_v $V27, $V17]}
+ bnez $LEN, L_round_loop
+
+ # v26 = v16 = {f,e,b,a}
+ # v27 = v17 = {h,g,d,c}
+ # Let's do the opposit transformation like on entry.
+
+ @{[vslideup_vi $V17, $V16, 2]} # {h,g,f,e}
+
+ @{[vslidedown_vi $V16, $V27, 2]} # {d,c,0,0}
+ @{[vslidedown_vi $V26, $V26, 2]} # {b,a,0,0}
+ @{[vslideup_vi $V16, $V26, 2]} # {d,c,b,a}
+
+ # H is already advanced by 24
+ @{[vsse64_v $V16, $H, $STRIDE]} # {a,b,c,d}
+ addi $H, $H, 32
+ @{[vsse64_v $V17, $H, $STRIDE]} # {e,f,g,h}
+
+ ret
+.size sha512_block_data_order_zvknhb,.-sha512_block_data_order_zvknhb
+
+.p2align 3
+.type $K512,\@object
+$K512:
+ .dword 0x428a2f98d728ae22, 0x7137449123ef65cd
+ .dword 0xb5c0fbcfec4d3b2f, 0xe9b5dba58189dbbc
+ .dword 0x3956c25bf348b538, 0x59f111f1b605d019
+ .dword 0x923f82a4af194f9b, 0xab1c5ed5da6d8118
+ .dword 0xd807aa98a3030242, 0x12835b0145706fbe
+ .dword 0x243185be4ee4b28c, 0x550c7dc3d5ffb4e2
+ .dword 0x72be5d74f27b896f, 0x80deb1fe3b1696b1
+ .dword 0x9bdc06a725c71235, 0xc19bf174cf692694
+ .dword 0xe49b69c19ef14ad2, 0xefbe4786384f25e3
+ .dword 0x0fc19dc68b8cd5b5, 0x240ca1cc77ac9c65
+ .dword 0x2de92c6f592b0275, 0x4a7484aa6ea6e483
+ .dword 0x5cb0a9dcbd41fbd4, 0x76f988da831153b5
+ .dword 0x983e5152ee66dfab, 0xa831c66d2db43210
+ .dword 0xb00327c898fb213f, 0xbf597fc7beef0ee4
+ .dword 0xc6e00bf33da88fc2, 0xd5a79147930aa725
+ .dword 0x06ca6351e003826f, 0x142929670a0e6e70
+ .dword 0x27b70a8546d22ffc, 0x2e1b21385c26c926
+ .dword 0x4d2c6dfc5ac42aed, 0x53380d139d95b3df
+ .dword 0x650a73548baf63de, 0x766a0abb3c77b2a8
+ .dword 0x81c2c92e47edaee6, 0x92722c851482353b
+ .dword 0xa2bfe8a14cf10364, 0xa81a664bbc423001
+ .dword 0xc24b8b70d0f89791, 0xc76c51a30654be30
+ .dword 0xd192e819d6ef5218, 0xd69906245565a910
+ .dword 0xf40e35855771202a, 0x106aa07032bbd1b8
+ .dword 0x19a4c116b8d2d0c8, 0x1e376c085141ab53
+ .dword 0x2748774cdf8eeb99, 0x34b0bcb5e19b48a8
+ .dword 0x391c0cb3c5c95a63, 0x4ed8aa4ae3418acb
+ .dword 0x5b9cca4f7763e373, 0x682e6ff3d6b2b8a3
+ .dword 0x748f82ee5defb2fc, 0x78a5636f43172f60
+ .dword 0x84c87814a1f0ab72, 0x8cc702081a6439ec
+ .dword 0x90befffa23631e28, 0xa4506cebde82bde9
+ .dword 0xbef9a3f7b2c67915, 0xc67178f2e372532b
+ .dword 0xca273eceea26619c, 0xd186b8c721c0c207
+ .dword 0xeada7dd6cde0eb1e, 0xf57d4f7fee6ed178
+ .dword 0x06f067aa72176fba, 0x0a637dc5a2c898a6
+ .dword 0x113f9804bef90dae, 0x1b710b35131c471b
+ .dword 0x28db77f523047d84, 0x32caab7b40c72493
+ .dword 0x3c9ebe0a15c9bebc, 0x431d67c49c100d4c
+ .dword 0x4cc5d4becb3e42b6, 0x597f299cfc657e2a
+ .dword 0x5fcb6fab3ad6faec, 0x6c44198c4a475817
+.size $K512,.-$K512
+___
+
+print $code;
+
+close STDOUT or die "error closing STDOUT: $!";